Overview of “Emerging Targeted Therapies for Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Future Directions”

Published in the International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2025, this review article by Dr. Farheen Zuber Mohmed from Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA, explores the evolving landscape of targeted therapies for relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a challenging hematologic malignancy. Despite advances in chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation, R/R AML remains difficult to treat, prompting the development of novel targeted approaches.

The paper highlights key targeted therapies, including:

• FLT3 Inhibitors (e.g., Midostaurin, Gilteritinib), which target FLT3 mutations prevalent in 30% of AML cases, with Gilteritinib showing a median overall survival of 9.3 months.
• IDH1/2 Inhibitors (e.g., Ivosidenib, Enasidenib), which promote differentiation of leukemic cells and are FDA-approved.
• BCL-2 Inhibitors (e.g., Venetoclax), enhancing response rates when combined with hypomethylating agents.
• Menin Inhibitors (e.g., Revumenib), showing early promise in trials for AML with specific genetic rearrangements.
• CD47 Blockade (e.g., Magrolimab), an investigational therapy that boosts macrophage-mediated clearance of leukemic cells.

The review addresses challenges such as resistance, toxicities, and limited efficacy in complex cases, while outlining future directions. Advances in single-cell sequencing, epigenetic profiling, and trials combining targeted therapies with immunotherapies (e.g., CAR-T cells) signal a move toward precision oncology, offering hope for improved outcomes in R/R AML.

Funded by the National Institutes of Health, this paper provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the current and future therapeutic landscape for this aggressive disease.

Advances in Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma: From Monoclonal Antibodies to CAR-T Cells and Beyond
Published in the International Journal Dental and Medical Sciences Research, Volume 7, Issue 2, Mar-Apr 

Authored by Farheen Zuber Mohmed of Weill Cornell Medicine,

Overview:

this comprehensive review examines the groundbreaking role of immunotherapy in treating multiple myeloma (MM), a challenging hematologic cancer affecting around 35,000 individuals yearly in the U.S. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of cutting-edge immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies like daratumumab, CAR-T cell therapies such as idecabtagene vicleucel, and bispecific antibodies like teclistamab, which have demonstrated remarkable overall response rates (70-90%) and improved progression-free survival in relapsed/refractory MM patients. It explores the mechanisms behind these therapies, supported by data from phase II/III trials and preclinical studies, while addressing key obstacles such as antigen loss, T-cell exhaustion, and treatment-related toxicities like cytokine release syndrome. The review also highlights innovative approaches, including dual-target CAR-T cells, antibody-drug conjugates, and the use of AI and genomic profiling for tailored treatments. Emphasizing the need for overcoming resistance and enhancing accessibility, the paper calls for collaborative efforts to drive sustained remissions and equitable care, making it an essential guide for advancing MM research and clinical practice.